EDB Cloud-Native PostgreSQL

The first public release of CloudNativePG is version 1.15.0. Before that, the product was entirely owned by EDB and distributed under the name of Cloud Native PostgreSQL .

The list of changes in this page is only for informative purposes, to demonstrate the history of the product on top of commits. None of the versions listed here exists for CloudNativePG.

Version 1.14.0

Release date: 25 March 2022

Features:

  • Natively support Google Cloud Storage for backup and recovery, by taking advantage of the features introduced in Barman Cloud 2.19

  • Improved observability of backups through the introduction of the LastBackupSucceeded condition for the Cluster object

  • Support update of Hot Standby sensitive parameters: max_connections , max_prepared_transactions , max_locks_per_transaction , max_wal_senders , max_worker_processes

  • Add the Online upgrade in progress phase in the Cluster object to show when an online upgrade of the operator is in progress

  • Ability to inherit an AWS IAM Role as an alternative way to provide credentials for the S3 object storage

  • Support for Opaque secrets for Pooler’s authQuerySecret and certificates

  • Updated default PostgreSQL version to 14.2

  • Add a new command to kubectl cnp plugin named maintenance to set maintenance window to cluster(s) in one or all namespaces across the Kubernetes cluster

Container Images:

  • Latest PostgreSQL containers include Barman Cloud 2.19

Security Enhancements:

  • Stronger RBAC enforcement for namespaced operator installations with Operator Lifecycle Manager, including OpenShift. OpenShift users are recommended to update to this version.

Fixes:

  • Allow the instance manager to retry an interrupted pg_rewind by preserving a copy of the original pg_control file

  • Clean up stale PID files before running pg_rewind

  • Force sorting by key in primary_conninfo to avoid random restarts with PostgreSQL versions prior to 13

  • Preserve ServiceAccount changes (e.g., labels, annotations) upon reconciliation

  • Disable enforcement of the imagePullPolicy default value

  • Improve initDB validation for WAL segment size

  • Properly handle the targetLSN option when recovering a cluster with the LSN specified

  • Fix custom TLS certificates validation by allowing a certificates chain both in the server and CA certificates

Version 1.13.0

Release date: 17 February 2022

Features:

  • Support for Snappy compression. Snappy is a fast compression option for backups that increase the speed of uploads to the object store using a lower compression ratio

  • Support for tagging files uploaded to the Barman object store. This feature requires Barman 2.18 in the operand image. of backups after Cluster deletion

  • Extension of the status of a Cluster with status.conditions . The condition ContinuousArchiving indicates that the Cluster has started to archive WAL files

  • Improve the status command of the cnp plugin for kubectl with additional information: add a Cluster Summary section showing the status of the Cluster and a Certificates Status section including the status of the certificates used in the Cluster along with the time left to expire

  • Support the new barman-cloud-check-wal-archive command to detect a non-empty backup destination when creating a new cluster

  • Add support for using a Secret to add default monitoring queries through MONITORING_QUERIES_SECRET configuration variable.

  • Allow the user to restrict container’s permissions using AppArmor (on Kubernetes clusters deployed with AppArmor support)

  • Add Windows platform support to cnp plugin for kubectl , now the plugin is available on Windows x86 and ARM

  • Drop support for Kubernetes 1.18 and deprecated API versions

Container Images:

  • PostgreSQL containers include Barman 2.18

Security Fix:

  • Add coherence check of username field inside owner and superuser secrets; previously, a malicious user could have used the secrets to change the password of any PostgreSQL user

Fixes:

  • Fix a memory leak in code fetching status from Postgres pods

  • Disable PostgreSQL self-restart after a crash. The instance controller handles the lifecycle of the PostgreSQL instance

  • Prevent modification of .spec.postgresUID and .spec.postgresGID fields in validation webhook. Changing these fields after Cluster creation makes PostgreSQL unable to start

  • Reduce the log verbosity from the backup and WAL archiving handling code

  • Correct a bug resulting in a Cluster being marked as Healthy when not initialized yet

  • Allows standby servers in clusters with a very high WAL production rate to switch to streaming once they are aligned

  • Fix a race condition during the startup of a PostgreSQL pod that could seldom lead to a crash

  • Fix a race condition that could lead to a failure initializing the first PVC in a Cluster

  • Remove an extra restart of a just demoted primary Pod before joining the Cluster as a replica

  • Correctly handle replication-sensitive PostgreSQL configuration parameters when recovering from a backup

  • Fix missing validation of PostgreSQL configurations during Cluster creation

Version 1.12.0

Release date: 11 January 2022

Features:

  • Add Kubernetes 1.23 to the list of supported Kubernetes distributions and remove end-to-end tests for 1.17, which ended support by the Kubernetes project in Dec 2020

  • Improve the responsiveness of pod status checks in case of network issues by adding a connection timeout of 2 seconds and a communication timeout of 30 seconds. This change sets a limit on the time the operator waits for a pod to report its status before declaring it as failed, enhancing the robustness and predictability of a failover operation

  • Introduce the .spec.inheritedMetadata field to the Cluster allowing the user to specify labels and annotations that will apply to all objects generated by the Cluster

  • Reduce the number of queries executed when calculating the status of an instance

  • Add a readiness probe for PgBouncer

  • Add support for custom Certification Authority of the endpoint of Barman’s backup object store when using Azure protocol

Fixes:

  • During a failover, wait to select a new primary until all the WAL streaming connections are closed. The operator now sets by default wal_sender_timeout and wal_receiver_timeout to 5 seconds to make sure standby nodes will quickly notice if the primary has network issues

  • Change WAL archiving strategy in replica clusters to fix rolling updates by setting “archive_mode” to “always” for any PostgreSQL instance in a replica cluster. We then restrict the upload of the WAL only from the current and target designated primary. A WAL may be uploaded twice during switchovers, which is not an issue

  • Fix support for custom Certification Authority of the endpoint of Barman’s backup object store in replica clusters source

  • Use a fixed name for default monitoring config map in the cluster namespace

  • If the defaulting webhook is not working for any reason, the operator now updates the Cluster with the defaults also during the reconciliation cycle

  • Fix the comparison of resource requests and limits to fix a rare issue leading to an update of all the pods on every reconciliation cycle

  • Improve log messages from webhooks to also include the object namespace

  • Stop logging a “default” message at the start of every reconciliation loop

  • Stop logging a PodMonitor deletion on every reconciliation cycle if enablePodMonitor is false

  • Do not complain about possible architecture mismatch if a pod is not reachable

Version 1.11.0

Release date: 15 December 2021

Features:

  • Parallel WAL archiving and restore: allow the database to keep up with WAL generation on high write systems by introducing the backupObjectStore.maxParallel option to set the maximum number of parallel jobs to be executed during both WAL archiving (by PostgreSQL’s archive_command ) and WAL restore (by restore_command ). Using parallel restore option can allow newly promoted Standbys to get to a ready state faster by fetching needed WAL files to replay in parallel rather than sequentially

  • Default set of metrics for monitoring: a new ConfigMap called default-monitoring is automatically deployed in the same namespace of the operator and, by default, added to any existing Postgres cluster. Such behavior can be changed globally by setting the MONITORING_QUERIES_CONFIGMAP parameter in the operator’s configuration, or at cluster level through the .spec.monitoring.disableDefaultQueries option (by default set to false )

  • Introduce the enablePodMonitor option in the monitoring section of a cluster to automatically manage a PodMonitor resource and seamlessly integrate with Prometheus

  • Improve the PostgreSQL shutdown procedure by trying to execute a smart shutdown for the first half of the desired stopDelay time, and a fast shutdown for the remaining half, before the pod is killed by Kubernetes

  • Add the switchoverDelay option to control the time given to the former primary to shut down gracefully and archive all the WAL files before promoting the new primary (by default, CloudNativePG waits indefinitely to privilege data durability)

  • Handle changes to resource requests and limits for a PostgreSQL Cluster by issuing a rolling update

  • Improve the status command of the cnp plugin for kubectl with additional information: streaming replication status, total size of the database, role of an instance in the cluster

  • Enhance support of workloads with many parallel workers by enabling configuration of the dynamic_shared_memory_type and shared_memory_type parameters for PostgreSQL’s management of shared memory

  • Propagate labels and annotations defined at cluster level to the associated resources, including pods (deletions are not supported)

  • Automatically remove pods that have been evicted by the Kubelet

  • Manage automated resizing of persistent volumes in Azure through the ENABLE_AZURE_PVC_UPDATES operator configuration option, by issuing a rolling update of the cluster if needed (disabled by default)

  • Introduce thecnpg.io/reconciliationLoop annotation that, when set to disabled on a given Postgres cluster, prevents the reconciliation loop from running

  • Introduce the postInitApplicationSQL option as part of the initdb bootstrap method to specify a list of SQL queries to be executed on the main application database as a superuser immediately after the cluster has been created

Fixes:

  • Liveness probe now correctly handles the startup process of a PostgreSQL server. This fixes an issue reported by a few customers and affects a restarted standby server that needs to recover WAL files to reach a consistent state, but it was not able to do it before the timeout of liveness probe would kick in, leaving the pods in CrashLoopBackOff status.

  • Liveness probe now correctly handles the case of a former primary that needs to use pg_rewind to re-align with the current primary after a timeline diversion. This fixes the pod of the new standby from repeatedly being killed by Kubernetes.

  • Reduce client-side throttling from Postgres pods (e.g. Waited for 1.182388649s due to client-side throttling, not priority and fairness, request: GET )

  • Disable Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) initialization on OpenShift and OLM installations, by using the provided one

  • When changing configuration parameters that require a restart, always leave the primary as last

  • Mark a PVC to be ready only after a job has been completed successfully, preventing a race condition in PVC initialization

  • Use the correct public key when renewing the expired webhook TLS secret.

  • Fix an overflow when parsing an LSN

  • Remove stale PID files at startup

  • Let the Pooler resource inherit the imagePullSecret defined in the operator, if exists

Version 1.10.0

Release date: 11 November 2021

Features:

  • Connection Pooling with PgBouncer: introduce the Pooler resource and controller to automatically manage a PgBouncer deployment to be used as a connection pooler for a local PostgreSQL Cluster . The feature includes TLS client/server connections, password authentication, High Availability, pod templates support, configuration of key PgBouncer parameters, PAUSE /RESUME , logging in JSON format, Prometheus exporter for stats, pools, and lists

  • Backup Retention Policies: support definition of recovery window retention policies for backups (e.g. ‘30d’ to ensure a recovery window of 30 days)

  • In-Place updates of the operator: introduce an in-place online update of the instance manager, which removes the need to perform a rolling update of the entire cluster following an update of the operator. By default this option is disabled (please refer to the documentation for more detailed information )

  • Limit the list of options that can be customized in the initdb bootstrap method to dataChecksums , encoding , localeCollate , localeCType , walSegmentSize . This makes the options array obsolete and planned to be removed in the v2 API

  • Introduce the postInitTemplateSQL option as part of the initdb bootstrap method to specify a list of SQL queries to be executed on the template1 database as a superuser immediately after the cluster has been created. This feature allows you to include default objects in all application databases created in the cluster

  • New default metrics added to the instance Prometheus exporter: Postgres version, cluster name, and first point of recoverability according to the backup catalog

  • Retry taking a backup after a failure

  • Build awareness about Barman Cloud capabilities in order to prevent the operator from invoking recently introduced features (such as retention policies, or Azure Blob Container storage) that are not present in operand images that are not frequently updated

  • Integrate the output of the status command of the cnp plugin with information about the backup

  • Introduce a new annotation that reports the status of a PVC (being initialized or ready)

  • Set the cluster name in the k8s.enterprisedb.io/cluster label for every object generated in a Cluster , including Backup objects

  • Drop support for deprecated API version postgresql.cnpg.io/v1alpha1 on the Cluster , Backup , and ScheduledBackup kinds

  • Set default operand image to PostgreSQL 14.2

Security:

  • Set allowPrivilegeEscalation to false for the operator containers securityContext

Fixes:

  • Disable primary PodDisruptionBudget during maintenance in single-instance clusters

  • Use the correct certificate certification authority (CA) during recovery operations

  • Prevent Postgres connection leaking when checking WAL archiving status before taking a backup

  • Let WAL archive/restore sleep for 100ms following transient errors that would flood logs otherwise

Version 1.9.2

Release date: 15 October 2021

Features:

  • Enhance JSON log with two new loggers: wal-archive for PostgreSQL’s archive_command , and wal-restore for restore_command in a standby

Fixes:

  • Enable WAL archiving during the standby promotion (prevented .history files from being archived)

  • Pass the --cloud-provider option to Barman Cloud tools only when using Barman 2.13 or higher to avoid errors with older operands

  • Wait for the pod of the primary to be ready before triggering a backup

Version 1.9.1

Release date: 30 September 2021

by making it the default major version when a new Cluster is created without defining a specific image name.*

Fixes:

  • Fix issue causing Error while getting barman endpoint CA secret message to appear in the logs of the primary pod, which prevented the backup to work correctly

  • Properly retry requesting a new backup in case of temporary communication issues with the instance manager

Version 1.9.0

Release date: 28 September 2021

  • Version 1.9.0 is not available on OpenShift due to delays with the release process and the subsequent release of version 1.9.1.*

Features:

  • Add Kubernetes 1.22 to the list of supported Kubernetes distributions, and remove 1.16

  • Introduce support for the --restore-target-wal option in pg_rewind , in order to fetch WAL files from the backup archive, if necessary (available only with PostgreSQL 13+)

  • Expose a default metric for the Prometheus exporter that estimates the number of pages in the pg_catalog.pg_largeobject table in each database

  • Enhance the performance of WAL archiving and fetching, through local in-memory cache

Fixes:

  • Explicitly set the postgres user when invoking pg_isready - required by restricted SCC in OpenShift

  • Properly update the FirstRecoverabilityPoint in the status

  • Set archive_mode = always on the designated primary if backup is requested

  • Minor bug fixes

Version 1.8.0

Release date: 13 September 2021

Features:

  • Bootstrap a new cluster via full or Point-In-Time Recovery directly from an object store defined in the external cluster section, eliminating the previous requirement to have a Backup CR defined

  • Introduce the immediate option in scheduled backups to request a backup immediately after the first Postgres instance running, adding the capability to rewind to the very beginning of a cluster when Point-In-Time Recovery is configured

  • Add the firstRecoverabilityPoint in the cluster status to report the oldest consistent point in time to request a recovery based on the backup object store’s content

  • Enhance the default Prometheus exporter for a PostgreSQL instance by exposing the following new metrics:

    1. number of WAL files and computed total size on disk

    2. number of .ready and .done files in the archive status folder

    3. flag for replica mode

    4. number of requested minimum/maximum synchronous replicas, as well as the expected and actually observed ones

  • Add support for the runonserver option when defining custom metrics in the Prometheus exporter to limit the collection of a metric to a range of PostgreSQL versions

  • Natively support Azure Blob Storage for backup and recovery, by taking advantage of the feature introduced in Barman 2.13 for Barman Cloud

  • Rely on pg_isready for the liveness probe

  • Support RFC3339 format for timestamp specification in recovery target times

  • Introduce .spec.imagePullPolicy to control the pull policy of image containers for all pods and jobs created for a cluster

  • Add support for OpenShift 4.8, which replaces OpenShift 4.5

  • Support PostgreSQL 14 (beta)

  • Enhance the replica cluster feature with cross-cluster replication from an object store defined in an external cluster section, without requiring a streaming connection (experimental)

  • Introduce logLevel option to the cluster’s spec to specify one of the following levels: error, info, debug or trace

Security Enhancements:

  • Introduce .spec.enableSuperuserAccess to enable/disable network access with the postgres user through password authentication

Fixes:

  • Properly inform users when a cluster enters an unrecoverable state and requires human intervention

Version 1.7.1

Release date: 11 August 2021

Features:

  • Prefer self-healing over configuration with regards to synchronous replication, empowering the operator to temporarily override minSyncReplicas and maxSyncReplicas settings in case the cluster is not able to meet the requirements during self-healing operations

  • Introduce the postInitSQL option as part of the initdb bootstrap method to specify a list of SQL queries to be executed as a superuser immediately after the cluster has been created

Fixes:

  • Allow the operator to failover when the primary is not ready (bug introduced in 1.7.0)

  • Execute administrative queries using the LOCAL synchronous commit level

  • Correctly parse multi-line log entries in PGAudit

Version 1.7.0

Release date: 28 July 2021

Features:

  • Add native support to PGAudit with a new type of logger called pgaudit directly available in the JSON output

  • Enhance monitoring and observability capabilities through:

    • Native support for the pg_stat_statements and auto_explain extensions

    • The target_databases option in the Prometheus exporter to run a user-defined metric query on one or more databases (including auto-discovery of databases through shell-like pattern matching)

    • Exposure of the manual_switchover_required metric to promptly report whether a cluster with primaryUpdateStrategy set to supervised requires a manual switchover

  • Transparently handle shared_preload_libraries for pg_audit , auto_explain and pg_stat_statements

    • Automatic configuration of shared_preload_libraries for PostgreSQL when pg_stat_statements , pgaudit or auto_explain options are added to the postgresql parameters section

  • Support the cnpg.io/reload label to finely control the automated reload of config maps and secrets, including those used for custom monitoring/alerting metrics in the Prometheus exporter or to store certificates

  • Add the reload command to the cnp plugin for kubectl to trigger a reconciliation loop on the instances

  • Improve control of pod affinity and anti-affinity configurations through additionalPodAffinity and additionalPodAntiAffinity

  • Introduce a separate PodDisruptionBudget for primary instances, by requiring at least a primary instance to run at any time

Security Enhancements:

  • Add the .spec.certificates.clientCASecret and .spec.certificates.replicationTLSSecret options to define custom client Certification Authority and certificate for the PostgreSQL server, to be used to authenticate client certificates and secure communication between PostgreSQL nodes

  • Add the .spec.backup.barmanObjectStore.endpointCA option to define the custom Certification Authority bundle of the endpoint of Barman’s backup object store

Fixes:

  • Correctly parse histograms in the Prometheus exporter

  • Reconcile services created by the operator for a cluster

Version 1.6.0

Release date: 12 July 2021

Features:

  • Replica mode (EXPERIMENTAL): allow a cluster to be created as a replica of a source cluster. A replica cluster has a designated primary and any number of standbys.

  • Add the .spec.postgresql.promotionTimeout parameter to specify the maximum amount of seconds to wait when promoting an instance to primary, defaulting to 40000000 seconds.

  • Add the .spec.affinity.podAntiAffinityType parameter. It can be set to preferred (default), resulting in preferredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution being used, or to required , resulting in requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution .

Changes:

  • Fixed a race condition when deleting a PVC and a pod which prevented the operator from creating a new pod.

  • Fixed a race condition preventing the manager from detecting the need for a PostgreSQL restart on a configuration change.

  • Fixed a panic in kubectl-cnp on clusters without annotations.

  • Lowered the level of some log messages to debug .

  • E2E tests for server CA and TLS injection.

Version 1.5.1

Release date: 17 June 2021

Change:

  • Fix a bug with CRD validation preventing auto-update with Operator Deployments on Red Hat OpenShift

  • Allow passing operator’s configuration using a Secret.

Version 1.5.0

Release date: 11 June 2021

Features:

  • Introduce the pg_basebackup bootstrap method to create a new PostgreSQL cluster as a copy of an existing PostgreSQL instance of the same major version, even outside Kubernetes

  • Add support for Kubernetes’ tolerations in the Affinity section of the Cluster resource, allowing users to distribute PostgreSQL instances on Kubernetes nodes with the required taint

  • Enable specification of a digest to an image name, through the <image>:<tag>@sha256:<digestValue> format, for more deterministic and repeatable deployments

Security Enhancements:

  • Customize TLS certificates to authenticate the PostgreSQL server by defining secrets for the server certificate and the related Certification Authority that signed it

  • Raise the sslmode for the WAL receiver process of internal and automatically managed streaming replicas from require to verify-ca

Changes:

  • Enhance the promote subcommand of the cnp plugin for kubectl to accept just the node number rather than the whole name of the pod

  • Adopt DNS-1035 validation scheme for cluster names (from which service names are inherited)

  • Enforce streaming replication connection when cloning a standby instance or when bootstrapping using the pg_basebackup method

  • Integrate the Backup resource with beginWal , endWal , beginLSN , endLSN , startedAt and stoppedAt regarding the physical base backup

  • Documentation improvements:

    • Provide a list of ports exposed by the operator and the operand container

    • Introduce the cnp-bench helm charts and guidelines for benchmarking the storage and PostgreSQL for database workloads

  • E2E tests enhancements:

    • Test Kubernetes 1.21

    • Add test for High Availability of the operator

    • Add test for node draining

  • Minor bug fixes, including:

    • Timeout to pg_ctl start during recovery operations too short

    • Operator not watching over direct events on PVCs

    • Fix handling of immediateCheckpoint and jobs parameter in barmanObjectStore backups

    • Empty logs when recovering from a backup

Version 1.4.0

Release date: 18 May 2021

Features:

  • Standard output logging of PostgreSQL error messages in JSON format

  • Provide a basic set of PostgreSQL metrics for the Prometheus exporter

  • Add the restart command to the cnp plugin for kubectl to restart the pods of a given PostgreSQL cluster in a rollout fashion

Security Enhancements:

  • Set readOnlyRootFilesystem security context for pods

Changes:

  • IMPORTANT: If you have previously deployed the CloudNativePG operator using the YAML manifest, you must delete the existing operator deployment before installing the new version. This is required to avoid conflicts with other Kubernetes API’s due to a change in labels and label selectors being directly managed by the operator. Please refer to the CloudNativePG documentation for additional detail on upgrading to 1.4.0

  • Fix the labels that are automatically defined by the operator, renaming them from control-plane: controller-manager to app.kubernetes.io/name: cloudnative-pg

  • Assign the metrics name to the TCP port for the Prometheus exporter

  • Set cnp_metrics_exporter as the application_name to the metrics exporter connection in PostgreSQL

  • When available, use the application database for monitoring queries of the Prometheus exporter instead of the postgres database

  • Documentation improvements:

    • Customization of monitoring queries

    • Operator upgrade instructions

  • E2E tests enhancements

  • Minor bug fixes, including:

    • Avoid using -R when calling pg_basebackup

    • Remove stack trace from error log when getting the status

Version 1.3.0

Release date: 23 Apr 2021

Features:

  • Inheritance of labels and annotations

  • Set resource limits for every container

Security Enhancements:

  • Support for restricted security context constraint on Red Hat OpenShift to limit pod execution to a namespace allocated UID and SELinux context

  • Pod security contexts explicitly defined by the operator to run as non-root, non-privileged and without privilege escalation

Changes:

  • Prometheus exporter endpoint listening on port 9187 (port 8000 is now reserved to instance coordination with API server)

  • Documentation improvements

  • E2E tests enhancements, including GKE environment

  • Minor bug fixes

Version 1.2.1

Release date: 6 Apr 2021

  • ScheduledBackup are no longer owners of the Backups, meaning that backups are not removed when ScheduledBackup objects are deleted

  • Update on ubi8-minimal image to solve RHSA-2021:1024 (Security Advisory: Important)

Version 1.2.0

Release date: 31 Mar 2021

  • Introduce experimental support for custom monitoring queries as ConfigMap and Secret objects using a compatible syntax with postgres_exporter for Prometheus

  • Support Operator Lifecycle Manager (OLM) deployments, with the subsequent presence on OperatorHub.io

  • Enhance container security by applying guidelines from the US Department of Defense (DoD)’s Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA) and the Center for Internet Security (CIS) and verifying them directly in the pipeline with Dockle

  • Improve E2E tests on AKS

  • Minor bug fixes

 Version 1.1.0

Release date: 3 Mar 2021

  • Add kubectl cnp status to pretty-print the status of a cluster, including JSON and YAML output

  • Add kubectl cnp certificate to enable TLS authentication for client applications

  • Add the -ro service to route connections to the available hot standby replicas only, enabling offload of read-only queries from the cluster’s primary instance

  • Rollback scaling down a cluster to a value lower than maxSyncReplicas

  • Request a checkpoint before demoting a former primary

  • Send SIGINT signal (fast shutdown) to PostgreSQL process on SIGTERM

  • Minor bug fixes

Version 1.0.0

Release date: 4 Feb 2021

The first major stable release of CloudNativePG implements Cluster , Backup and ScheduledBackup in the API group postgresql.cnpg.io/v1 . It uses these resources to create and manage PostgreSQL clusters inside Kubernetes with the following main capabilities:

  • Direct integration with Kubernetes API server for High Availability, without requiring an external tool

  • Self-Healing capability, through:

    • failover of the primary instance by promoting the most aligned replica

    • automated recreation of a replica

  • Planned switchover of the primary instance by promoting a selected replica

  • Scale up/down capabilities

  • Definition of an arbitrary number of instances (minimum 1 - one primary server)

  • Definition of the read-write service to connect your applications to the only primary server of the cluster

  • Definition of the read service to connect your applications to any of the instances for reading workloads

  • Support for Local Persistent Volumes with PVC templates

  • Reuse of Persistent Volumes storage in Pods

  • Rolling updates for PostgreSQL minor versions and operator upgrades

  • TLS connections and client certificate authentication

  • Continuous backup to an S3 compatible object store

  • Full recovery and point-in-time recovery from an S3 compatible object store backup

  • Support for synchronous replicas

  • Support for node affinity via nodeSelector property

  • Standard output logging of PostgreSQL error messages